Complete Guide to LTL Freight Class & NMFC Codes
Understanding LTL (Less-than-Truckload) Freight Class is essential for accurate shipping quotes and avoiding costly re-classification fees. The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) defines these classes based on the transportability of goods. Our Free LTL Freight Class Calculator helps shippers, logistics managers, and freight brokers instantly determine the correct class based on density.
What is Freight Class?
Freight class is a standardized shipping industry pricing classification that establishes uniform parameters for commerce between carriers and shippers. There are 18 freight classes, ranging from Class 50 (least expensive) to Class 500 (most expensive).
The class is determined by four main factors:
- Density: The weight per cubic foot.
- Stowability: How easily the freight can be stored with other items.
- Handling: The ease or difficulty of loading and unloading.
- Liability: The risk of theft or damage (value per pound).
How to Calculate Freight Density
Density is the primary factor for most LTL shipments. To calculate it manually, follow this formula:
Step 2: Multiply (L x W x H) to get total cubic inches.
Step 3: Divide by 1,728 to convert to Cubic Feet (CFT).
Step 4: Divide the weight (lbs) by the Cubic Feet.
Formula: Density = Weight (lbs) / Cubic Feet
Freight Class by Density Chart
Use this reference chart to estimate your NMFC freight class based on density:
| Density (lbs per cu ft) | Estimated Class |
|---|---|
| 50 or more | Class 50 |
| 35 but less than 50 | Class 55 |
| 30 but less than 35 | Class 60 |
| 22.5 but less than 30 | Class 65 |
| 15 but less than 22.5 | Class 70 |
| Less than 1 (Gold Bullion, etc) | Class 500 |
*Note: This is a general guideline. Always consult the official NMFC for exact classification.
Tips to Reduce LTL Shipping Costs
Correctly classifying your freight is the first step to saving money. Here are more tips for SCM managers:
- Avoid Estimates: Always measure and weigh your pallets accurately to avoid carrier re-weigh fees.
- Optimize Packaging: Reduce dead space on pallets to increase density and lower the freight class.
- Stackability: Ensure your pallets are stackable to utilize trailer space efficiently.